Dollars and Dreams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dollars and Dreams - Essay Example There are still others that consider it to be a place that is known for waste and commercialization where the plenitude is flooding to such an extent that there isn't sufficient space to hold all that is delivered and discarded. Reality that it is a position of difficulty where individuals make a solid effort to scarcely endure is once in a while the overall impression of the American Dream. The film Dollars and Dreams: West Africans in New York (2007) is a narrative that examines the experience and wonder of movement from West Africa to the United States. The narrative producers investigate reality of life in New York for the individuals who have relocated from West Africa into what they thought would be a simpler and increasingly fruitful life. Through an account that incorporates fruitful, enduring, and battling settlers from West Africa, the film makes an elective viewpoint on the experience of living in New York and in the United States. The makers of the movie were Jeremy Rockl in an Abdel Kader Ouedarogo with Jeremy Rocklin coordinating and it is dispersed by Documentary Educational Resources. One of the principal proclamations made in the film is by Chika Onyeani who is the Publisher and Editor in Chief of The African Sun Times is that there is a discernment that in America cash falls from the sky. President of Cape Aloe Ferox Worldwide, Arthur Smith, states in the film that the dollar is omnipotent and that they think it is simple in America and Zain Abdullah of Temple University uncovers that the principal astounding thing that migrants from West Africa experience is that there is destitution in America and that it isn't as simple to discover wealth in the place where there is new chances at life. The idea of chance turns out to be all the more genuine as in while there might be opportunity, one needs to look and discover it (Rocklin and Ouedarogo, 2007). Zain Abdullah keeps on examining the way of life of migrants as they carry on with an existence of misleading where they battle by working a few employments, yet then present their encounters to those back home as satisfying the desires that they had when they left their home to venture out to the new land. The double dealing depends on the observations that are advanced in West Africa that there is only wealth in the United States and to go to America and battle would be seen as a disappointment. Abdullah states that it resembles going into a gold mine and coming out with nothing to appear for the exertion (Rocklin and Ouedarogo, 2007). Kaira-Murdock (2008) composes that the explanation that Jeremy Rocklin an Abdel Kader Ouedarogo chose to make this narrative was to make a progressively practical perspective on New York for West Africans before they settled on the choice to move from their country and look for their fortunes. The real factors of New York and the pace of destitution, even among the working poor, is something that isn't viewed as when settling on the choice to mo ve. The film is outwardly agitating as the trash in the road and the unattended urban setting is differentiated to the wealthy speakers who talk about the real factors of moving to New York, despite the fact that most of the underlying speakers have unmistakably discovered their own achievement in this nation. The genuine issue with migration from different countries is that the picture of America depends on Hollywood optimism that is appeared in films. Prejudice dependent on darkness is uncommon in West Africa so the experience of being abused comes as an amazement for a large number of the individuals who move to New York. Kaira-Murdock (2

Complexity of Construction Techniques and Typology Free Essays

Intricacy OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES AND TYPOLOGY The buildings have gotten progressively mind boggling in the cutting edge universe. This evaluation of unpredictability is an inferred capacity of a famous picture or most fundamentally the aim it serves. Various typologies request diverse assault in footings of development and feel, the last being a significant driving component in present day structures. We will compose a custom paper test on Unpredictability of Construction Techniques and Typology or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now These days, a large number of them have high levels of electrical and mechanical installings, utilize complex development frameworks and serve changing requests of a few terminal clients. This evaluation of multifaceted nature contrasts among laypersons, inside decorators, undertaking chiefs and building executives. Six cardinal strides of the multifaceted nature can be building development and guide, building methodological investigation, the earnestness of the endeavor motivation, structure size/graduated table, land conditions and neighboring condition. Thus, the unpredictability of structure endeavors is characterized as a run of the mill of building endeavors that are tangled, multifaceted, and made out of many interlinked parts. Despite the fact that the multifaceted nature can’t be listed however mulling over various structure typologies it tends to be seen in signifier of capable intricacy of undertaking, whole of combinations and bury conditions in building stages, un dertaking association, and impulse of work at site. The level of intricacy was non diverse in the basic buildings of days gone by. The nature and whole of peril was moderated by rehash of same structure signifiers for various typologies with building strategy being same in footings of stuffs and strategies and the advancement in designing was executed in a gradual mode. The grand graduated table of the Roman houses of prayer, the pyramid, the Grecian sanctuaries and the strong Taj Mahal experienced an intricate procedure of building which developed as a structure with cut. For case, the means for doing Taj Mahal stable on the Bankss of the Yamuna River the establishment was taken profound bounty to shoulder the enormous development. Various typologies of the structures requested distinctive graduated table however the idea of building procedure was same not normal for the current setting where alternatives for taking a structure stuff and the way are innumerable. Taking redevelopment of the old legacy buildings into setting what's mor e taking into history the reality of progress taking to typology modification in a youngster or significant way, the introducing of administration line and changing the emotionally supportive network present solid employments. The introducing of retrofit cooling in the buildings and hazard expectation upon restored exercises are the employments which are more noteworthy than the influenced looked of the structure. The closing of the hole made for the characteristic airing to acquire an encased interminable further increment the complexnesss. The cutting edge progresss in various typology whether a private, an institutional or a modern constrained individuals to take a gander at the development in an alternate way. The perceptual experience of present day structures has changed over the range of a century ago. Development procedures have radically changed with the consideration of present day comfortss which have become an inescapable interest. Jolt, cooling, composite structures, wrap dividers, fire security, basic damping, programmed controls, figuring machine networks and high open introduction coating are some of them. While picking the emotionally supportive network and the stuffs the interest for them being mulled over is high. They may change for same building constituents of the various typologies. For case material framework for a business assembled signifier changes from that of a private to business and mechanical constructed signifier. In footings of present day building four boss beginnings of multifaceted na ture are as per the following: img alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/expositions/1218761.002.png/ Refined building constituents: For hundreds of years, steel, solid, wood have been utilized for a considerable length of time as a base stuff since ages. Manufacture of constituents from these stuffs has experienced interminable transmutations. Structurally in complex buildings today, these stuffs are every now and again required to assume 3-dimensional geometries that can non be enough portrayed with planar projects and developments. In add-on, they have to run into basic and ecological open introduction. img alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.018.pngimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/expositions/1218761.017.pngimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/articles/1218761.016.pngimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.015.pngimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.014.jpgimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.013.pngimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.012.pngimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.011.jpgimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.010.jpgimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.009.pngimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.008.pngimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.00 7.pngimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.006.pngimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.005.pngimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.004.pngimg alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/1218761.003.jpg Measures. Driven by the handiness of reasonable registering machine power and by the squeezing request to monitor assets about any framework can be naturally controlled from window blinds to electrical lighting. This framework appears to disentangle the structure system yet the multifaceted nature may non be adjusted entirely. With more prominent understanding come more specialization and habitually increasingly intricate and complex mandate. Practically any signifier can be raised given it very well may be made to hold up. The solitary restrictions on this are stylish in footings of beat and monetary ( where the repeatability of components can give significant cost savings in fiction ) . The three key quality requests are as per the following: img alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/expositions/1218761.019.pngGlass has as of late been built up as a beguiling stuff since it gives transparence and stream. Yet, fabricating and overseeing inconveniences make glass defenseless stuff exorbitantly. At first glass was an image of these institutional buildings however in the advanced universe glass has built up itself as a significant main thrust in finding the fate of development. Glass now non just is an exterior covering segment yet close to has its fluctuated utilization. For case overlaid glass is utilized in ground surface each piece great, with the fixing strategies being more distant composite in nature. Talking a national and a global delineation: I.M. Pei’s development at the Louvere in Paris separates opinion forcefully, at the same time, it has quite improved things for visitants to this truly bustling exhibition hall who can arrange under obscurity. This shadowing component can be accomplish ed by the organizations of Teflon or PVC canopy for little infinites. This material decision would hold other than been founded on the quality of glow required in the required boundless. So the graduated table issues in footings of building stuffs and consequently raises its unpredictability. In any event, for the private infinites fanlights are probably start of roundabout noticeable radiation into the manufactured signifier and related with this are the introducing and care factor which must be taken consideration of in large business infinites like promenades. In another outline of national significance, Infosys square, Mysore structured by Hafiz contractual worker: rugged frontages and disproportionate part way style of the bundle advancement square. There are no solid dividers in the lift. Overlaid glass, double coating and earthenware frit glass have been utilized to arrange the external covering of this development. Each lift of this structure endeavors an alone face. The stairwaies inside are steel, keeping up with the picture of the structure. In such representation of institutional structures Pre-assembled stuffs have been urged because of less handiness of building cut period and a few different limitations. Business typologies abstain from using concrete because of a few employments in past like stain, reviewing, goading, checking and bending. The clasp factor of working with notice to these pre-assembled components has radically diminished however at a similar clasp impediments of construction incorporates: inflexibleness towards modification in structure, joinery and break, higher introductory structure cost since, cost is an instrumental factor in make up one’s disapproving of the intricacy of building and trappings for any typology of structure. For outline in occurrence of any modern godown or distribution centers for put ining a ridged material of GI sheet basic edge work need non be stylishly engaging yet in occasion of a similar material at a retreat the development design of trussing is thought about so as to achieve tastefully stable framework, which st raight intensifies the cost factor and more distant unpredictability may increment in footings of quiet individual backings or spread out projections and columns. Aside from general structure design famous organizations are bigger style concentric. This fantastic graduated table can’t disguise the intricacy related with it ; its open introduction measures

The Best Activities for the Summer After Sophomore Year of High School TKG

The Best Activities for the Summer After Sophomore Year of High School You’re officially *in* high school now. You’re a rising junior, which means that next year is going to be your most intense yet. Your summer should reflect that. Hopefully this year you’ve done some work exploring and solidifying your interests within the context of your extracurricular activities, outside-of-school efforts, and your reading and online courses. We know we’ve said this before, but it’s important to reiterate: colleges look at how you spend your free time. Summer is a big chunk of free time that is yours for the taking (or wasting). And this summer is particularly important. We suggest that rising juniors choose programs and projects that are a bit more specific and intensive. Your summers should tell a story about you continuing to challenge yourself in your area(s) of interest. You should also be preparing to rise up to and take on some higher leadership positions in your extracurricular activities, so this summer can help prepare you for refining your expe rtise. A lot of the programs that we suggest require an application and some essaysâ€"think of them as practice for college applications, not a chore. It all builds!  Here are some great programs for 10th grade summers/rising junior summers, split up by area of interest. This is definitely not an exhaustive list, and be sure to check out the other lists we’ve put together on this topic:STEM/EngineeringApplied Research Innovations in Science and Engineering (ARISE) Program (NYU)Duke TIP Program: Applications, Algorithms, Computers: Modern Programming (Rice University)Bluestamp 6-Week Intensive Engineering Program (NYC, Silicon Valley, San Francisco)English/WritingDuke TIP Program: The Pen as Weapon: The Art of Satire (University of Georgia, Louisiana State University)Yale Young Global Scholars Program: Literature, Philosophy and Culture (Yale)MathStanford SUMaC Program (Stanford)Duke TIP Program: Mathematical Modeling and Applied Statistics (University of Georgia) The Ross Mathemat ics Program (Ohio Dominican University)Economics PsychologyDuke TIP Program: Game Theory: Economics (Duke, Georgia Tech)Wharton Global Young Leaders Academy (UPenn)Duke TIP Program: Psychology of Decision Making: Behavioral Economics (Georgia Tech)Law/GovernmentLaw Advocacy Program (Yale, Georgetown)Oxford Political Academy (Oxford)Duke TIP Program: Ideals in Action: Policymaking on a Global Scale (Rice University)Film/ActingTisch Residential Program (NYU)Design and create your own film project â€" nothing says “ambitious” more than creating and executing an independent project with a deliverable (like a film!). Reach out to us if you’re struggling to find a program in your area of interest. We love doing research and would love to help you find the next step in your pursuits. We want to encourage rising juniors to take a step outside of their comfort zone and to challenge themselves. We know you’re up to the challenge.

Facts About the Dominican Republic for Spanish Students

Learning Styles, Multiple Intelligences And Emotional...

Taking into account the learning needs and diversities of all my students, I have made adjustments to the curriculum content. I included choice homework, individual work, small groups and graphic organizers to allow for students who struggle, students who need a challenge and for English Language Learners. Using strategies that can be as simplified or as complicated as I need them to be, allows me to address every student’s individual needs. In order to ensure that that curriculum is developmentally appropriate for the students, I used Michigan GLEC’s. Additionally, each lesson can be adjusted to accommodate every student. The curriculum also builds on student’s prior knowledge and skills. Students will be asked questions that will cause them to reflect on their previous experiences and be given the chance to apply their knowledge. In my unit I have nurtured and promoted diversity while honoring each child’s identity. I did this by taking into account the four learning styles, multiple intelligences and emotional intelligences. I included opportunities for students to interact with one another, move around the classroom, work individually and with partners. The videos, songs and activities I included promotes diversity by showing individuals, ideas and actions students can identify with. The curriculum increases students’ ability to view the world from a variety of different perspectives. The students will use the website ePals.com to communicate withShow MoreRelatedLearning Styles: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences782 Words   |  4 Pagesare many intelligences described to us through our lives, all over the world. Does in-telligence decide what we do with our lives, or is one intelligence more important than any other? When we look at Merriam-Webster (2013) for the definition of intelligence it states that it is the ability to learn different or new actions dependent on circumstances involved. 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Advertisements Colgate Total Daily Repair - 990 Words

Introduction Various companies choose to advertise their products in an array of fashions. These advertisements can be on television, online or printed in a magazine, newspaper, or journal. Companies select their advertisements to appeal to the targeted audience while using various techniques to increase the viewer’s chance in purchasing their product. The following information will critique two advertisements from two different types of prints in various ways including: location, word selection, layout, and more. Advertisement One: Colgate Total Daily Repair The first advertisement selected is found in the October 2015 issue of Ebony Magazine. This advertisement is near the middle of the magazine and attempts to grab attention with large red words that read â€Å"My Daily.† The target group for this advertisement is African American adults and professionals. The advertisement includes a large picture of a fair-skinned African American woman smiling that takes up seventy-five percent of the page, which would be more appealing to the target audience of this magazine. Ebony magazine is a magazine that dives into the African American culture and lifestyle while promoting black excellence. Therefore, Colgate is wise in using an African American model so that the readers could have a visual of someone like them being branded with this product. The Colgate Total Daily Repair advertisement actually does not include much information at all about the product. The picture of theShow MoreRelatedPr icing for Convenience Goods12585 Words   |  51 PagesCH 12] Business 101 — The Basics 12-1 Chapter 12 Product and Pricing Strategies Learning Goals 1. Identify the components of the total product concept. 2. List the types of consumer goods, industrial goods, and services. 3. Explain the product mix and product lines. 4. 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Foalktales1 Essay Example For Students

Foalktales1 Essay A folktale is a general term for any of numerous varieties of traditionalnarrative. The telling of stories appears to be a cultural and universal tradition,common to primitive and complex societies alike. Folktales are demonstrablysimilar from culture to culture, and comparative studies of themes and narrativetechniques have been successful in showing these relationships. Fairy tales areentirely fictional and often begin with such formulas as Once upon a time . Which is not the case in most folktales which useally express something commonto that culture. Folktales are stories that give people a means for sharing theirculture, history and values. Andso was the case in Mother to Son by Langston Hughes. Hughes discussed problems common to people of color from his culture . One of the most powerfultools used by hughes is imagery . Hughes uses strong imagery to get a clearpicture across to the reader. As does he uses Irony and metaphors such assLifefor me aint been no crystal stair Its had tacks in it, And splinters, And boards tornup. HUghes work can be described as a folktale. He writes exactly to fit thedefinition of the word folktale. And the same formula is used my many writersBibliography:

Google Ethical Code Social Responsibility free essay sample

Google is one of the largest companies in the world. They offer a variety of services that millions around the world use daily. A majority of their services are Internet based which include Google Search, Google Maps, Gmail, and cloud storage, Drive. Most of their services are available for free use. One of their main sources of revenue is through advertisements. Companies pay to have their ad displayed atop searches and in mobile aps. They also have a growing Internet and TV service, Google Fiber, which they are rolling out to select cities. They have begun offering Google fiber here in Provo and have created hundreds of jobs locally. It has always been my dream to, some day, be fortunate enough to work for Google. I am very intrigued by the working atmosphere and the focus they company places on innovation and technology. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Google does a fantastic job of adhering to their CSR and constantly adding value to the triple bottom line: people, planet, and profit. We will write a custom essay sample on Google: Ethical Code Social Responsibility or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They have multiple websites that detail their philanthropic efforts and state what they believe in. These can be found on their informational website, google. org. One area of CSR in which they are very concerned about is being â€Å"Green. † They have an entire website (google. com/green) dedicated to detailing and informing the world about their efforts to protect the environment. The website teaches that they are constantly investing in alternative energy, i. e. , wind and solar. In comparison to other tech companies, their centers are said to use 50% less energy than the competition. They have also committed to recycle 100% of all electronic equipment that is no longer used in their offices. Sustaining the environment is a major concern to Google management and they spend millions of dollars annually to make sure they are at the forefront of innovation (www.google. com/green/energy/). Google is one of the most profitable companies in the entire world. Because of that, they have taken the opportunity to benefit the world through multiple philanthropic efforts. They donate hundreds of millions of dollars annually in charitable giving. Their website, google. com/giving, highlights various areas in which they are concerned about and are donating money to. These include: empowering women and girls, improving computer science education, protecting threatened wildlife, fighting human trafficking and abuse, and providing clean water to third world countries. Each year, Google donates $100 million in grants, 60,000 man-hours, and over $1 billion in products. They encourage their employees to volunteer in their communities and have committed to match all charitable donations that employees give (google. com/giving/community/). Stakeholders Because of the size of Google, they inherently have various stakeholders. In particular, they have always taken care of and satisfied the demands of their users, investors, and employees. Users Google has over 1 billion active users. As a company, they continually innovate and bring products to the market which are aimed at making our lives more efficient, simple, and enjoyable. The companies â€Å"Code of Conduct† reads, â€Å"Our users value Google not only because we deliver great products and services, but because we hold ourselves to a higher standard in how we treat users and operate more generally† (http://investor. google. com/corporate/code-of-conduct. html). Their email platform (Gmail), web platform (Chrome), mobile operating system (Android), and cloud storage service (Drive) are some of the most used in the entire world. Google understands this and continues to innovate and improve in order to keep their services up to date and safe for its users. They are committed to offering the best possible products at a reasonable price. Recently they began to produce and sell cell phones, tablets, and laptops which all run their software and are significantly cheaper they the competition. Because of their dedication to their users, they are ranked as the top company in the â€Å"American Customer Satisfaction Index† across all platforms (http://www.theacsi. org/index). This rating speaks volumes for Google and the interest they place in their primary stakeholders, their users. Investors Google stock is currently trading at over $1,100 per share (https://www. google. com/finance? q=NASDAQ:GOOG). Year after year they continue to grow and report record earnings. Over the last 5 years their stock price has risen from $750 to over $1,100. Forbes has ranked them as the 5th most valuable company in the world w ith a valuation currently at $268 billion (http://www. forbes.com/companies/google/). Many people in the finance industry consider Google to be one of the safest and smartest places to invest ones money. They are very committed to their investors and continue to grow both organically and financially. Unlike previous â€Å"tech† companies who have plateaued and eventually lost the faith of its investors, Google’s commitment to innovate and grow as a company is backed fully by the support of its investors. The management knows that growth is only possible by taking risks and spending money to innovate. On the other hand, they regard the financial position their investors very high and are committed to making sure that all risk is minimized to its lowest possible state. Google takes very good care of its investors and, for that reason, their investors are very happy. Employees Fortune magazine recently released their annual rankings of the â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work For. † Google remained at the top, receiving the #1 overall ranking (http://money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/best-companies/). They remained the topped ranked company while also adding over 4,200 new jobs last year; an overall job growth of over 20%. They have over 4,200 employees and it is a major focus with the company to make sure they are treated in the best way possible. Google is committed to providing unbeatable work conditions and benefits. Not only are they at the forefront in technology innovation, but also work environment innovation. Their offices provide every service and accommodation imaginable in order to create an environment where their employees are happy, enjoy work, and are more productive. Google’s commitment to their employees has set an industry standard in which many competing companies are trying to imitate. At the core of how Google treats its employees is how they view them, not as being replaceable but as their strongest asset. Ethics Programs Google bases it entire ethical philosophy upon a simple phrase, â€Å"Don’t be evil. † Those words are not only applied to how â€Å"Googlers† (Google employees) treat their users, but also how they conduct business on every level. Through the companies â€Å"Code of Conduct,† they admonish their employees to â€Å"do the right thing more generally- follow the law, act honorable and treat each other with respect† (Google Code of Conduct). â€Å"Its built around the recognition that everything we do in connection with our work at Google will be, and should be, measured against the highest possible standards of ethical business conduct† (investor. google. com). This commitment to extremely high standards and ethical conduct helps them â€Å"hire great people, build great products, and attract loyal users. † The Google â€Å"Code of Conduct† is found on their website for the entire world to see (http://investor. google. com/corporate/code-of-conduct. html). It is broken down into eight sections, which are labeled: Serve Others, Respect Each Other, Avoid Conflicts of Interest, Preserve Confidentiality, Protect Google’s Assets, Ensure Financial Integrity and Responsibility, and Obey the Law. It is twelve-page document, which, very clearly and simply, describes the company’s values and core principles. The sections and content continually refer back to Google’s ethical slogan, â€Å"Don’t be evil. † It teaches employees how to treat and act in many situations and is the bases upon which punishment is given. Communication

Gun Privacy essays

Gun Privacy essays The article I chose is about a Gun privacy case that the Supreme Court is debating whether the government can withhold information on some gun purchases and crimes, including details of database checks like those used to track weapons in the sniper case. Bush and the National Rifle Associations believe if that by releasing this information to individuals, it will be invading peoples privacy. Whether this case wins or loses, the chances are that either way it would not prevent crime or control guns in the United States. Gun control is an action of the government to reduce crime. So many laws have passed and still there has been no effect. So whether the government releases the information from gun owners to individuals, it still would not be effective. Gun control has been an issue for years and there is no right or wrong answer. We as individuals should have a right to own and possess a gun to a certain instinct. For instance, the Brady Act, which stops criminals from purchasing guns. It should be only certain criminals because what if someone was convicted for drinking and driving, should he or she be able to own a gun? Yes, because if they do not purchase the gun correctly, they will find someone off the street who will sell them one illegally. It is better to have it done correctly, so there information can be put in the computer. While banning guns and releasing in formation from individuals will not prevent guns from society, it only takes more freedom from Americans. Guns do not kill people, people kill people. In Chapter 12, it talks about whether the National Rifle Association is too powerful or influential? In my opinion, no, I agree that a person who owns a gun should not be held responsible for others who use guns unlawful. There will be a time that an individual will use a gun for self-defense, due to many crimes in the United States. These individuals should not have their guns taken ...

The effects of poverty in the development of children's thinking Research Paper

The effects of poverty in the development of children's thinking related to mathematics - Research Paper Example Children from economically challenged families appear to have a more difficult time in learning mathematical skills than do children from families with secure finances. While the body of research that exists on the topic has tended to focus on ethnicity as a component to the achievement gaps that are appreciated where learning mathematics is involved, it is more clearly evident that economic disparities create achievement gaps where expectations are not being met. Economic power asserts a certain level or propriety where knowledge is concerned, but this can be used where context is shown to be essential in learning mathematical knowledge. Putting math into context with real life situations appears to increase the ability to effectively use mathematical knowledge. Socialization appears to be the key to how learning is accomplished and learning math is affected when earlier socialization towards learning intangible concepts has not been established. The effect of economics on the gaps in achievement as observed between low and high income families is more likely due to the differences in socialization towards learning rather than in a disparity in income. There is a belief based upon research that children from African American and Latin ethnic origins, as well as those from low socio-economic areas have lowered scores on standardized tests than to those from Caucasian ethnic origins and with a higher level of socio-economic advantages. According to Flores (2007), â€Å"Specifically, data show that African American, Latino, and low-income students are less likely to have access to experienced and qualified teachers, more likely to face low expectations, and less likely to receive equitable per student funding â€Å" (p. 29). ... In the study done by Flores (2007) who also focuses on socio-economic status, the statistics concerned with ethnicity is also considered. Flores (2007) presents data concerning standardized tests still shows a disparity in regard to ethnicity. In African American students, 91% have not met the mathematics proficiencies expected by the eighth grade. For Latino students that figure is 87%. Asian American students, on the other hand, show that 53% are not meeting mathematical expectations and Caucasian students are at 63%. The first notable information from these statistics is that over half of all students are not meeting mathematical achievement expectations by grade eight. The discussion, when focused on socio-economic backgrounds, shows that while 38% of children from financially secure homes meet expectations in mathematics on standardized tests, only 13% of children from economically insecure families meet those expectations (Flores, 2007). Economic disparities also lead to cultur al disparities with families having members with minds that have been trained academically have a much easier time in transferring that type of learning discipline onto their children. As poverty and academic achievement are related, families in lower socio-economic levels are less likely to have achieved higher education; therefore their children are not taught how to pursue education nor to have an admiration for economic achievement. One of the other misconceptions where research has focused on culture and ethnic issues where learning is concerned is that there has been an association with culture and ethnicity. According to work done by Nasir and Hand

The Best Practices in Business Communication Essay

The Best Practices in Business Communication - Essay Example This statement shows that a person needs to be a good listener, as well as a good presenter both at the same time. While listening, a person should listen to the concerns and viewpoints of other people with full concentration in order to get a correct idea of the situation. Similarly, during talking, a person should be able to express his/her viewpoint logically and in an expressive way to convince others. If any of these two skills is missing in a person, the process of business communication is not likely to produce maximum benefits or results. Moreover, every person involved in the process of business communication needs to participate in the communication process in order to make the process effective and result-oriented. Freedom of Expression Freedom of expression is another effective business communication practice. Result-oriented business communication can never take place if each person involved in the process of communication is not given the due respect and time to express his/her viewpoint. Freedom in expressing the viewpoint is the key towards successful and result-oriented business communication. In a business communication setting, if a manager keeps distance with employees due to his/her position in the company, the employees will not be able to express their concerns to the manager properly which will definitely affect the productivity of the company. Therefore, it is necessary for managers, as well as for senior employees to show respect and courteousness to their subordinates in order to ensure success of the business communication processes. Value of Time Time is one of the most important factors of successful business communication. It is extremely important to make timely... This report stresses that principles of effective communication include giving sincere appreciation, communicating in a friendly manner, using appropriate body language, showing interest in knowing the viewpoint of each other, overcoming language, cultural, location, perpetual, and emotional barriers to communication, and getting communication feedback. Communication feedback is very important as it helps communication participants know the value of their participation, as well as the correctness of their viewpoints. Poor business communication and lack of communication feedback can lead to a wide range of issues, such as, unmotivated employees, frustrated customers, and a negative corporate culture. Every person involved in process of business communication should provide timely feedback to the inputs of each other. This paper makes a conclusion that business communication takes place in any workplace setting either between two or more individuals or between companies. Some benefits of doing effective business communication at the workplace include timely decision-making, improved level of understanding between employees, improved work relations, improved business processes, and improved unity between employees. Convenience, clarity, commitment, concentration, and freedom of expression are such communication practices that can make business communication processes successful. Along with these practices, there exist some key principles of communication that also play a vital role in making business communication processes effective and result-oriented.

Advertising and Advertisement Contributes Essay Example for Free

Advertising and Advertisement Contributes Essay A story of mine come immediately to my mind. once I wanted a pair of slipper, but after entering the supermarket, I was shocked for there were thousands of brands of slippers. eventually, I chose LULU which was the only brand I’d ever seen on the television. according to a well known sociologist, and I paraphrase, without advertisement, consumers and merchants both lose something, which is to say that consumers lose the opportunity to obtain the one suit them most and merchants may lose their potential customers. aturally, it is significant to advertise for the firms. meanwhile a recent survey conducted by sina. com will make this point valid and convincible. the sales volume of a certain product doubles since its manufacturer advertise on a TV program. for most of time consumers dont know their real requirement at all, so their needs to a certain kind of product is influenced greatly by the advertisements. for instance, my mother went shopping one day in order to buy some milk and vegetables, nevertheless she came back home with a pair of trousers n her words, just because she ever saw it on a magazine. in addition, one of my classmates used to buy whatever he is interested in on. EBAY. com for about 2 times a week. considering the enormous advantages for manufacturers, advertisement has the necessity to remain. each coin, however, has its two sides. rare as the drawbacks of advertisement are, they do exist. some small companies completely rely on the boasting advertisement to attract consumers. in order to make the advertisement to be credible, they invite he celebrities, make special good effect, and even film to publicize their production. unfortunately, consumers are always wise enough to distinguish a fair publicity from one with exaggeration. Hence, those companies are bound to suffer the tremendous cost of advertising without benefiting from it. to sum up, the merits of advertisement for corporations far outweigh its defects. thus, i strongly advocate that advertisement contributes to the amplification of the profit of enterprises and should be retained.

A Book report on The Cuckoo?s Egg by Cliff Stoll - A Cuckoo?s Fledgling :: essays research papers

A Book report on â€Å"The Cuckoo’s Egg† by Cliff Stoll A Cuckoo’s Fledgling Although the 1980s are not generally thought of as a decade of innocence, there were, however, a few pockets of juvenile utopia. One such example was the rapidly expanding â€Å"online† community, with its assortment of up-and-coming networks that were, to many technically inclined users, a virtual â€Å"McDonald’s Play Place† with slides, ball pits and winding tubes to explore, all rapped in a security blanket of innocence. Not until a bully invaded, did another bastion of delayed-maturity, Cliff Stoll, find that â€Å"Big Bother† was not eager, or perhaps unable, to repel the invader on his behalf. This led Cliff to take responsibility and stand up to his assailant, causing a transformation throughout many facets of his life. The Cuckoo’s Egg is the story of Cliff Stoll’s maturation into an adult, mirrored by the loss of innocence and youthful-trusting-openness taking place in the network community at the time, catalyzed by a hacker halfway around the world, and necessitated by a nonchalant attitude among the governmental agencies supposed to be responsible for computer security. A question all parents, and some elder siblings, ask at some point is, â€Å"when should I let Jr. stand on his own?† and while it was only a case of bureaucracy not being equipped to quickly respond to a situation, this lack of response forced a man out of his comfort zone, gave him something to care about, and eventually made for an interesting book. It could even be hypothesized that Cliff’s decision to marry was aided by the paradigm shift he experienced during the course of his hacker chase (Stoll 356). The delay of intervention on the part of the government agencies forced Cliff Stoll to leave the sidelines of his life, take responsibility, and become "pro-active–almost rabid–about computer security† (370). At the beginning of his story, Cliff portrays himself as an academic dreamer (1), literally a start gazer; he seams to be fumbling though life without a cause to get behind, and for that matter not really looking for one. Then when he starts chasing a hacker, thinking that he, â€Å"†¦might learn about phone traces and networks† (35), he struck a blow to a â€Å"tar-baby† that would not let him go back to his life of indifference. The entanglement in pursuit of the hacker was elongated, significantly, by the fact that the government did not have contingencies in place to respond to computer crime, coupled with the simple fact that without a quantitative dollar value they did not take losses seriously.

Animal Abuse Essay

Taking a stand against animal abuse In today’s society people tend to turn to a blind eye to the animal abuse that occurs every day in America, whether it is by their decision to support certain companies that use animals for experimentation or choosing to be neglectful to animal abuse. Animal Cruelty is a big problem today, anyone could help stop it by adopting animals from shelters, rescuing animals or reporting problems like people leaving animals in hot cars or leaving them in their backyard without food or water.Helping animals is really easy you can do something as simple as checking A random dog you see for tags, and if you see that it has no tags then you should most likely take it to an animal shelter somewhere nearby, or you could do something like checking for abusive signs on animals, you could look how their living environment is and see if it’s an healthy environment for that animal to live in, Check for burns hair loss or any other abusive signs on the an imals skin or coat, and if you see these signs on the animal make sure you know who to call as in the animal shelter or the police to get it taken care of so that problem can be dealt with.Adopting animals is a great way to help with problems like this you could do something like going to an animal shelter and looking for an abused animal in need that you could take care of so you could bring it home and give it the love it deserves instead of getting abused, or if you saw a stray dog that looks hungry and lonely you could take it in to your home and take care of it or if you didn’t want to take it with you, something else you could do is bring it down to an animal shelter so someone else could adopt it and take care of the animal, Animal abuse isn’t a hard thing to handle you could do something as easy as checking inside hot cars to check if people left their animal inside to adopting an animal from a shelter to rescuing or taking in stray animals, every year 1,654,54 5,000,000 animals are killed from animal cruelty.Animal cruelty is wrong in so many ways and it an a big Epidemic that needs to be stopped it anyone can easily help by doing some of these things and it is not all that hard to do simple things like checking cars or looking at an animals skin is really fast and simple and all you would have to do is report it so many animals are abused every year and if someone were to do these things it would greatly help. Animal Cruelty in today’s world is becoming a growing problem; I myself have gone and become a helping hand in preventing Animal Cruelty by Helping, Check, and Adopting AnimalsDoing these things can really help prevent Animal abuse this is how I stand against Animal abuse.

Similarities Between Charlotte Brontes Life and Jane...

ABSTRACT This study mainly concerns with the similarities between Jane Eyre and Charlotte Bronte’s life. The aim is to find out how Charlotte Bronte’s life and experiences affect Jane Eyre. The most frequently and the most effective similarities from the earlier parts of their lives to the end of their lives are given in this study. It is also aimed to determine the frequency of similarities and effectiveness of these similarities by analyzing their lives. After analyzing the collected data, the findings of the analysis show that there are many similarities in each part of their lives. The similarities in their childhood are the most effective ones. It can be easily concluded that Jane Eyre is based on the life of Charlotte†¦show more content†¦Significance of the study Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte is one of the most important works in English Literature. Jane Eyre’s life in the book has attracted the attention of people for many years. Her interesting life of Jane Eyre is reflected to her creator’s life. In this research, the researchers are going to find the answer of how Charlotte Bronte affects her character and which similarities are seen between them. Bronte creates a life in Jane Eyre to narrate her own life. This research is going to enlighten the people especially their similarities. Therefore, the analyzing of their lives is going to be beneficial for those who deal with English Language and Literature. What is more, it is going to be useful for ordinary people who are interested in literature. In the light of this research, understanding of the lives of Jane Eyre and Charlotte Bronte is going to be more effective and enjoyable. Literature Review The life and characteristics of Bronte affect her work, Jane Eyre. There have been many different perspectives associated with this topic until now. In Charlotte Brontà « and the Mysteries of Love: Myth and Allegory in Jane Eyre, Elizabeth Imlay mentions this reality; â€Å" Because so much is known Charlotte Bronte’s history, it is easy to fix on resemblances between her life and

The Intelligent Civil Rights Activist By Frederick Douglass

The intelligent civil rights activist Frederick Douglass was born into slavery in Maryland on February 1818. His born given name, Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, seemed to be a fairytale name to an unusual life because his father was a white planation owner who was most likely Douglass s first slave master, named Captain Anthony. Possibly it was Harriet Bailey who gave her son Frederick such a distinguished name wishing that his life would be superior than hers. His mother couldn’t imagine that her son s life would continue to be a foundation of awareness and motivation for all abolitionists. It would be hard to find anyone who symbolizes the Black History Month theme, like Frederick Douglass when he fled the terrors of slavery to relish a life of liberty and freedom, but his exceptional personal ambition to attain justice and freedom for slaves and all Africans led him to dedicate his life to the abolition of slavery and the crusade for civil rights. His outrageous orat ory skills and unexpected achievements shaped a legacy that leads his inspiration across the centuries, making Frederick Douglass a role model for the rest of eternity, especially to those who saw him as savior like figure. When it comes to slave history in America, Frederick Douglass should be the first name to pop into your head. One reason Douglass s story remains to prosper is that his life symbolizes the American dream of overcoming difficulties and reaching greatness. At a young age heShow MoreRelatedFrederick Douglass And The Fight For Women s Suffrage1357 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass was a major black-male voice in the fight for women’s suffrage. Douglass unlike many men believed that women too were people and deserved all of the rights a man was given. He believed this because black men were previously apart from the equality of all men, and they too should be apart in gaining this equality for all. Douglass, along with other strong willed women, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, Sojourner Truth, among others, they became the forefrontRead MoreEssay about The Virtrues of Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass543 Words   |  3 PagesThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin seem to prove to everyone how articulate, intelligent and sophisticated this man w as. He wrote about the trials he underwent to become the writer he is known as today. He even was so intelligent he sought out to publish in his autobiography what virtues would have you â€Å"arriving at the door of moral perfection† (90). He wanted to show everyone that becoming perfect wasnt as arduous as everyone had thought. Benjamin Franklin was true Renaissance Man born at aRead MoreBiography of Fredrick Douglass1294 Words   |  5 Pagesthe people that fought for equality. Fredrick Douglass arguably had the greatest impact on American society, especially African American society, in the nineteenth century. Douglass is credited as being an abolitionist, author, editor, and diplomat. He used literature, books, newspapers, and even speeches, to leave a long lasting mark on our society. Douglass advised presidents and lectured to thousands about different causes, including women’s rights. A cause he felt a strong connection with wasRead MoreFrederick Douglass : A Old Man At The Age Of 201654 Words   |  7 PagesFrederick Douglass, The History Frederick Douglass was one of the staples in African American history and was a well-educated anti-slavery activist that was passionate in African American’s freedom. At a young age, Douglass was thrust into the world of slavery but, nevertheless, was able to escape enslavement and become a powerful, anti-slavery and civil rights activist. Born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, the abolitionist who was able to finally become a free man at the age of 20, was aRead MoreThe Meaning Of Freedom940 Words   |  4 PagesDespite disagreements about rights given to black Americans after the Civil War, white Americans and black Americans agreed on the meaning of freedom during and after the Civil War to a moderate extent. However, there were many ambivalent feelings in the ways in which the two groups agreed and disagreed. Foremost, one must consider the meaning of freedom. Throughout the Civil War, the meaning of freedom, and the meaning of equality, kept changing. This can be seen through the passage of the thirteenthRead MoreThe New Land Of America Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesThere were those that were for slavery and those that were against. These conflicting points of view were one of the reasons for the Civil War. There was the North who was the proponents for free people and there was the South that was unwilling to abolish slavery. Both the North and the South fought eventually leading to the North’s victory over the south; after the Civil War slavery officially abolished but the ideologies of slavery still lingered in America and with the people creating problems forRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton : Women s Rights1922 Words   |  8 Pagesof America by succeeding in her work to guarantee rights for women and slaves. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a leader in the 19th century for women ’s activist and women’s suffrage leader. As an active American abolitionist, she gave many lectures and wrote books. Among those fighting for women’s rights, she was a primary leader. Though she was interested in women’s rights from many perspectives, Elizabeth realized that success hinged on women’s right to vote. Elizabeth often worked with Susan B. AnthonyRead MoreEssay Life and Work of Martin Luther King Jr.2061 Words   |  9 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. was a civil rights activist from the 1950’s to 1968 with a strong religious background. A strong advocator for all minorities, King did all in his power to end barriers of community; poverty, racism and militarism. The principle he focused more on, however, was racism. King defined racism as prejudice, apartheid, ethnic conflict, anti-Semitism, sexism, colonialism, homophobia, ageism, or discrimination against disabled groups and stereotypes. Later turning his efforts toRead MoreE ssay on Anna Julia Cooper2476 Words   |  10 Pagesdevelopments in African-American and Ameri can life during the century following emancipation. Like W.E.B. DuBois, Coopers life is framed by especially momentous years in U.S. history: the final years of slavery and the climactic years of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. Coopers eclect ic and influential career mirrored the times. Although her life was privileged in relation to those of the majority of African-Americans, Cooper shared in the experiences of wrenching change, elevating promiseRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesMichael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical

Essay on Smoking In Public Places Should Be Banned

Smoking In Public Places Should Be Banned There should be rules enforced for smoking in public places. Smokers just do not know the negative influence they are spreading. A puff of cigarette can harm a smokers health. When I go to a restaurant I do not like to leave smelling like smoke. It is the same going to a garbage dump, and smelling like garbage. I am not a smoker, and I cannot stand having the stench of smoke on my clothes. The smell of smoke is not harmful, but secondhand smoke is. Smokers should not be able to smoke in the public vicinity. Smokers are spreading harmful chemicals into my lungs. Smokers should respect a non-smokers health. The risk of cigarette smoke is deadly to an human beings lungs. For a smoker to be†¦show more content†¦Those who tried their first cigarette did so under the influence. If the smokers were not around the public smoking, I believe we would see less people try their first cigarette. Someone who tried their first cigarette did so because they felt pressured when around all th e smokers. Smoking is addictive and smokers cannot go within an hour of not smoking a cigarette. If smokers did not have an area where they could smoke then less people would smoke, and influence another individual to smoke also. The effects of a smoker can damage someone’s health, habit, and life. The average person consumes smoke without even taking a puff of the cigarette. There are many risks when people smoke in front of a non-smoker’s face such as liver disease, cancer, and a bad colon. An average person breathes in smoke unconsciously, and secondhand smoke has become a major issue in America. Being in the presence of non-smoker can he harmful, and some people do not even realize it. Although some people are comfortable with a smoker blowing smoke in their face, what they do not realize is the consequence of their health. Smokers should be aware of how they affecting a person’s lungs. In conclusion, smokers should not smoke in public, or around non-smokers . Smokers do not care about the smoke that comes from their cigarette is affecting another life. Just because you are in a non-smoking section, it doesShow MoreRelatedShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?941 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals get older they try to cope with the stresses of everyday life by continuing to smoking. It makes them feel more relaxed and at ease. Whatever the reason is, it is a hard habit to break once one starts. For many smokers today it is getting hard to find a place to smoke. Comedians joke about going to another planet just to light up. Smoking should be banned in public places because smoking is just as bad for nonsmokers as it is for smokers. The effects of secondhand smoke orRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?864 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking is one of the practices which is considered highly dangerous to our health because it impacts the smoker and the people around them. There are approximately one billion smokers. Smoking is a big issue that the nonsmoker faces. For example, when the smokers smoke in public places like restaurants, universities and other public places it hurts the non-smoker. The non-smoker breathing the cigarette, marijuana or hookah smoke from the smoker do both of them are breathing toxic chemicals. In aRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?950 Words   |  4 Pagesday I walk in to public place with a friend right away we sat down to eat, we were having a conversation later we smell cigarette smoke in the air. I start coughing from the smell of smoke. I also notice a lot of customers who like eating dinner at a public place smoking cigarette. Smoking is a big health p roblem I feel it is not fair to take away cigarette for people who smoke in American who desire smoke cigarette. Even thought the same as the concession is able to be taking place on this topicRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?885 Words   |  4 Pagesday I walk into public place with a friend right away we sat down to eat, we were having a conversation later we smell cigarette smoke in the air. I start coughing from the smell of smoke. I also notice a lot of customers who like eating dinner at a public place smoking cigarette. Smoking is a big health problem I feel it is not fair to take away cigarette for people who smoke in American who desire smoke cigarette. Even thought the same as the concession is able to be taking place on this topicRead MoreSmoking in Public Places Should Be Banned Essay474 Words   |  2 PagesSmoking in Public Places Should Be Banned I feel very strongly that smoking in public places should be banned. I will list my reasons for my thinking below and explain why I think this. I cannot stand walking down a street behind someone who is smoking. Every time they exhale I then have to walk into a cloud of their smoke. My clothes smell, because they have been saturated with the smoke, it gets into my hair too. It also affects my health. It was found that sevenRead MoreSmoking Should be Banned in Public Places Essays1464 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the past few decades it has come to light that smoking kills. The federal government mandates that every pack of cigarettes carry a warning on it that smoking can lead to health problems including death. But the messages are rather clinical, for example: â€Å"Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema, and May Complicate Pregnancy.† Smoking is a danger to one’s own health but there is now evidence that smoking can affect others as well. Second hand smoke has been shown to cause cancerRead MoreEssay Smoking Should NOT Be Banned in Public Places730 Words   |  3 PagesSmoking Should Not Be Banned in Restaurants      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the perfect situation, smoking policy would be set by bar or restaurant owners, and customers would patronize the establishments with the policy they prefer. Customers would decide-without the governments help-if they want to avoid smoke-filled rooms or enter them. They might even choose to sit in an area sectioned off for smokers or non-smokers, but the ultimate issue is choice (Ruwart 1). When the government starts telling restaurantRead MoreEssay about Smoking In Public Places Should be Banned766 Words   |  4 Pages Do you mind people smoking around you in public places? According to the pro-smoking group Air Initiative 7 in 10 of you do. Do you think it is fair to discriminate against smokers, forcing them to stand outside and smoke? On the other hand is it fair that non-smokers should have to inhale second hand smoke which can dame their health? (Do you support this ban or do you oppose it?) Personally I oppose it as I believe that non-smokers shouldn†™t be subjected to a smoky environment on a night out.Read MoreNationwide Smoking Ban: Smoking Should be Banned in All Public Places899 Words   |  4 Pagesthe public about its dangers in 1972 (Schick Glantz, 2005). Do people knowingly have the right to put others’ health at risk? No, they do not. Exposure to cigarette smoke is a public health risk. Therefore, smoking should be banned in all public places, nationwide. There has been no attempt to impose a national smoking ban by the U.S. government. All current bans are in place because of state and local legislation. Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights lists the various state and local smoking lawsRead MoreEssay about Smoking Should be Banned in All Public Places1133 Words   |  5 PagesSmoking Should be Banned in All Public Places Every year thousands of people die because of having cancer or other tobacco related illnesses due to smoking. Smoking is seen everywhere from our own television screens to even the world wide web; the internet. Tobacco is the substance that is in these cigarettes. These tobacco products are promoted through tobacco ads that are found almost everywhere you turn. They are in magazines, television screens, on the internet

Essay about Shakespeares Othello Jealousy Sexual in Nature Essay Example For Students

Essay about Shakespeares Othello: Jealousy Sexual in Nature Essay Othello: Jealousy Sexual in Nature  Ã‚        Ã‚   William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello manifests a lot of activity motivated by a variety of passions, some good and others not so. Let’s analyze what many critics consider to be the dominant passion on the part of the protagonist’s most significant actions.    A. C. Bradley, in his book of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, describes the dominant motivating passion in Othello:    In the second place, there is no subject more exciting than sexual jealousy rising to the pitch of passion; and there can hardly be any spectacle at once so engrossing and so painful as that of a great nature suffering the torment of this passion, and driven by it to a crime which is also a hideous blunder. . . . But jealousy, and especially sexual jealousy, brings with it a sense of shame and humiliation. For this reason it is generally hidden; if we perceive it we ourselves are ashamed and turn our eyes away; and when it is not hidden it commonly stirs contempt as well as pity. Nor is this all. Such jealousy as Othello’s converts human nature into chaos, and liberates the beast in man; and it does this in relation to one of the most intense and also the most ideal of human feelings. (169)    H. S. Wilson in his book of literary criticism, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, discusses the place of jealousy in the play:    Under the deft ministrations of Iago, we witness a remarkable transformation in him. The man of judgment, the commander â€Å"whom passion could not shake,† becomes a credulous fool, transported with jealous fury, so infatuated that while he demands evidence of Desdemona’s guilt he never sees anything save through Iago’s suggestion, so beguiled that he. . gic Heroes. New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1970.    Ferguson, Francis. â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare: The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p. : n.p., 1970.    Gardner, Helen. â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from â€Å"The Noble Moor.† British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Jorgensen, Paul A. William Shakespeare: The Tragedies. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1985.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.      Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.

Modernization Poised Between History and Prophecy

Many personalities have contributed immensely towards the understanding of the concept of development. Economic development is one of the major pillars that are used in analysing the developmental status of a given nation or continent. A number of theories have been advanced to explain the general economic growth pattern.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Modernization Poised Between History and Prophecy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper seeks to provide a summary of the content of Chapter 6 in Gilbert Rist’s book, â€Å"The History of Development: From Western Origins to Global Faith†, written by Rostow. The essay will review Rostow’s theory of economic growth which he has categorised into five key stages. Furthermore, it will also highlight Rostow’s opinion on anti-communism versus Marxism without Marx. Finally, two more people, besides Rostow, with different perspectives o f economic growth will be mentioned; Francois Perroux and Dudley Seers. Rostow’s work, just like other theorists, was very influential on policy development especially in the early 1960s. His theory developed initially from lectures that he used to deliver at Cambridge University in 1958 (Rist 93). The focus of the work was on addressing the challenges that were faced then, including European economy, and the impact of the then decolonised states on economy and development. Rostow’s aim was to ensure that a clear pattern of progress was developed towards successful modernisation by the countries of the world. As a result, a philosophy of history focusing on Rostow’s stages of economic growth was developed (Rist 94). The five categories in which a given society can lie are: the traditional society, the preconditions for take-off, the take-off, the drive to maturity, and the age of high mass-consumption. His witty use of words to create ‘development’ jargon contributed to the success of the book. Firstly, according to Rostow, traditional society is a form of degree zero of history corresponding to a natural state of ‘underdevelopment’ (Rist 95). He claims that this stage is characterised by the negligence of modern technology by some countries or regions resulting in significantly low-level production compared to other industrialised societies. ‘Primitive’ societies are depicted as fighting against scarcity and thus their need to embrace modern technological means of production. Secondly, the stage of ‘preconditions of take-off’ is characterised by the spread of the idea of the possibility of economic prosperity which is a necessity for other desired societal conditions (Rist 96). This belief results in the disintegration of the traditional societies leading to the creation of a ‘modern culture’. Take-off is the third stage in Rostow’s economic growth model. This stage i s an interval between the old obstacles to steady progress and the eventual triumph (Rist 97). The take-off stage paves way for a steady economic growth in the society. The rise in commercialised production and extensive use of modern technology is a characteristic of the take-off stage.Advertising Looking for article on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fourthly, there is the ‘drive to maturity’ stage which comes immediately after the end of take-off with a period of about forty years in between before maturity is attained. At this level, the society has completely overcome the challenges faced at the traditional level, thanks to the use of new technologies (Rist 97). The last stage of economic growth, in Rostow’s opinion, is ‘the stage of high mass-consumption’. Here, most of the gains from increased productivity are distributed to workers with an aim of increasing consumption (Rist 98 ). Europe and Japan, according to Rostow, entered this stage in the 1960s, a time during which the Soviet Union was striving to achieve. With the belief that growth has no limit, Rostow attempted to superficially offer an explanation of what happens after the ‘final stage’. He said that the future of a given society should fall within the trajectory defined by past experiences. Furthermore, Rostow, in his book, tries to demonstrate how the situation in USSR in the late 1950s ‘deviated’ from the general theory of modernization (Rist 99). He believes that the Soviet Union disintegrated when, instead of entering the stage of mass-consumption, it tried to impose communism on its people. USSR resorted to investing 20% in arms race, and creating a police state to threaten its citizens (Rist 100). Such a situation was only possible for workers in a capitalist state, according to Marx. The response by the nationalists, according to Rostow, helped create the present day Russia. He goes ahead to explain the concept of Marxism and economic growth. Rostow’s stages of economic growth were very popular during his time and were perceived as a prophetic book for the world. However, there were other personalities, though not very popular, who had different perspectives on economic growth and related issues. Francois Perroux exerted significant impact on theories of ‘development’ in France. He criticised classical and neo-classical economics on the basis of their mechanistic concepts of equilibrium which disregards the inequality between actors (Rist 104). He contributed a method of analysing real economics rather than the use of abstract models.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Modernization Poised Between History and Prophecy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dudley Seers is another individual who made notable contribution in the field of economic development. He argued that the economics taught in Universities were based on the state of ‘developed’ countries and thus could not be applied in examining the economic growth of ‘underdeveloped’ countries. He strongly objected the universal validity of some economic claims (Rist 106). Seer’s critique was so tough to such an extent that the corporation f economists opted not to respond and avoided controversy (Rist 108). The essay has summarized Rostow’s five stages of economic growth as well the concept of anti-communism versus Marxism in relation to economic growth. It has also mentioned the theoretical contributions of two individuals during Rostow’s time. Work Cited Rist, G. The history of development: from western origins to global faith. Zed Books, 2002, Pp. 93-108. This article on Modernization Poised Between History and Prophecy was written and submitted by user Karla Gibson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Goldman Sachs Essays

Goldman Sachs Essays Goldman Sachs Essay Goldman Sachs Essay The Goldman Abacus Fund: Ethics You Can Count On Or Ethics That Don’t Add Up Set Up Imagine a physician is on the golf course with one of his colleagues, who happens to be a cardiologist. Somewhere on the back nine the cardiologist begins to tell the physician about one of his patients, a 52 year old man with blood pressure of 145/99, who is 40 lbs. overweight, chain smokes, and enjoys 7 to 8 martinis a day. In spite of medications, in the words of the cardiologist, the patient is â€Å"a ticking time bomb. The first physician asks for his friend’s patient’s personal information, and after the golf game, goes to see his State farm agent, where he takes out a 1 million dollar life insurance policy on the ‘time bomb† guy. Are the actions of the physician ethical? Taking out such a policy is of course illegal, as the doctor does not have what is known as an insurable interest. But assuming the doctor took no steps to encourage th e man’s death, under the theory of rational egoism his actions would be justified. Furthermore, as macabre as the doctor might seem in betting on the death of another human being, Sternberg would consider his actions to be within the realm of ordinary decency. In 2007, amid historic economic development, a scenario emerged similar to the one just described. Although the players and events were quite different, the same philosophical question was raised: is it ethical to benefit from someone else’s demise. Living in a society riddled with envy and resentment, many onlookers thought so. Two parties in particular did not. They were John Paulson Co. , a hedge fund company established in 1994, and Goldman Sachs Co. a global investment banking and securities firm founded in 1869. The Events The story has its beginnings in 2005 when 49 year old Paulson, a man with a Wall Street reputation of mediocrity, hired an out of work analyst, Paolo Pellegrini. Pellegrini’s job was to crunch numbers on a befuddling trend which â€Å"everyone† seemed to be maki ng money on except Paulson (Zuckerman). After a year’s worth of late nights, Pellegrini determined that not only were housing prices soaring independently of interest rates and well beyond the pace of inflation, but that when the bubble did pop, it would send home prices down more than 40%. : When Pellegrini showed his charts and figures, Paulson couldn’t believe his eyes. Finally the housing market boom made sense to him. What also made sense to him was the market’s inevitable crash. Paulson had to find a way to make money on this prediction. Initially Paulson and Co. bought large lots of credit default swaps, which in effect were insurance policies against â€Å"risky† subprime mortgage debt (Zuckerman). Paulson was paying up to an 8% premium to guarantee against the default of mortgages he didn’t even own. Paulson and Co. spent months accumulating these mortgage insurance policies before deciding that the process was too slow. Paulson needed another way to short the housing market, preferably one with great leverage. A collateralized debt obligation seemed to be the perfect means to Paulson’s desired end. To understand how Paulson was able to make a $15 billion profit on his market prediction, a closer look at the 3 main financial instruments used is needed. Residential Mortgage Backed Securities (RMBS), Collateralized Debt Obligations, and Credit Default Swaps are all financial instruments used by both commercial and investment banks. RBMSs are bonds which are backed by a pool of residential mortgages. These bonds have different ratings based on the default risk of the varied prime and subprime mortgages. Even though the initiating bank may continue to service the loan to the homeowner, the mortgage itself will likely end up being sold again and again, often being pooled as an asset base to compose a RMBS. Collateralized Debt Obligations are securities collateralized by debt. Basically, a CDO is where a financial institution bundles a bunch of debt and sells it as a package to other financial institutions (Stephen D. Simpson). CDOs commonly take RMBSs a step further by packaging a series of them into one portfolio. The CDO collects cash from the pool of bonds it contains, and from this cash, distributes interest and principle payments to the CDO’s investors. If the underlying securities fail (as in the case of a defaulted subprime mortgage), the investors lose the money they put into the CDO. In the case of the Goldman Sachs Abacus deal, rather than a cash-based CDO, a synthetic CDO was packaged. A synthetic CDO differs from a CDO in that it does not own the underlying asset (portfolio of bonds). Instead it uses credit default swaps to mimic the risk associated with the assets (bonds) listed in the portfolio. A credit default swap is a means to achieve risk transfer from the bond holder to another party. When a bond holder buys a CDS, he is buying insurance against the bond defaulting, by paying a series of premiums to the CDS seller. In the event of default, the CDS seller must compensate the bond holder with the face value of the bond. Back in 2006, these vehicles were viewed as free money. Many economists and banking institutions believed the U. S. had reached a period of indefinite, sustained growth, meaning the likelihood of mortgage default, even at the subprime level, was low. The top banks, with presumably the most savvy, sophisticated money managers in the world, took advantage of this by heavily participating in these high leverage instruments. In 2005, senior traders from Bear Sterns to Goldman Sachs shared the sentiment that the housing market was solid and in no danger of collapse. By December of 2006 however, though not going public with its stance, Goldman decidedly turned bearish on the mortgage industry. Early in 2007, Paulson approach Goldman requesting that they structure a CDO with (allegedly) the inclusion of 123 hand-picked RBMSs which Paulson believed to be most likely to default (Quinn). He also asked Goldman to help him find another party who would take the other side of his desired market position. Goldman agreed, was paid $15m in fees by Paulson and Co. , and Abacus was born. Goldman assigned 29 year old a junior bond trader named Fabrice Tourre with managing and promoting Abacus to investors. Tourre approached IKB Deutsche Industriebank, who expressed interest only if a third party choose the RMBS. As such, Goldman enlisted ACA management to choose the RMBS which would compose Abacus. At this point, Tourre allegedly led ACA to believe that Paulson was going to invest $200M into Abacus. Thinking this, ACA also directly invested $42m into Abacus and took on the role of insuring $909M worth of credit default swaps; (unknown to ACA, Paulson was on the other side). With a third party (ACA) now selecting the RMBS, Tourre convinced IKB to invest $150M into Abacus. Ultimately these were the events which led the SEC to file charges against Goldman on April 16, 2010. The Outcome A year after Abacus was assembled and marketed, Paulson’s prediction came true. 99% of the CDO had been downgraded, rocketing the value of the credit default swaps he bought. John Paulson netted $1bn. n what Gregory Zuckerman of the Wall Street Journal would call â€Å"the perfect trade. † IKB lost nearly its entire investment of $150M. ACA Management lost $841M. When the dust settled, eyebrows were raised and eventually charges were filed. Goldman was charged with fraud in structuring and marketing of a CDO which was secretly intended to fail. The fraud charge alleged that Goldman allo wed Paulson to strongly influence ACA in selecting the RMBS which would make up Abacus. The charge also alleges that ACA was deceived to think that Paulson had an interest in the CDO’s success rather than failure. Paulson was not charged and has maintained that ACA â€Å"had sole authority over the selection of RMBS in the CDO (Quinn). The Facts ACA Management was both the portfolio selector and the largest investor to Abacus. Owned by one of the largest banks in Europe, ABN Amro, ACA management specialized in CDOs and portfolio selection. Put another way, they knew exactly what they were getting into, they just happened to be wrong. Paulson had been unsuccessfully â€Å"betting against† the housing markets since 2005. During 2006-2007 insurance against defaulting mortgages (CDS) became extremely cheap. During the period, many banks were selling CDS to collect what they saw as low risk insurance premiums. ACA was to collect $1,545,300 in premiums per year through insuring Abacus. Paulson’s role in Abacus was not made clear to investors, but the anonymity he maintained is both legal and commonplace on Wall Street. All the players at the table were among the most sophisticated banking institutions in the world, which could not be better equipped with experts to perform the due diligence of investigating a prospective investment. Ethical Analysis In a 2009 Rolling Stone article, Matt Taibbi accused Goldman Sachs of being â€Å"a great vampire squid wrapped around the face of humanity,† Goldman he states, was the cause of the housing bubble through creation and use of financial instruments such as CDOs and CDSs (TAIBBI). The dramatic description hardly instills an image of ethical behavior. But is it true? Taibbi has it backwards. The Housing and Community Development Acts of 1974, 1982, and 1987 had been making mortgages easier to obtain long before the 1994 invention of Credit Default Swaps, (although the first CDO was issued by Drexel Burnham Lambert in 1987) (Frej). It is because we live in a society where there exists too much envy and resentment that media figures such as Matt Taibbi point the finger at those who succeed, and scream â€Å"hey, that’s not fair! † When people defaulted on their home mortgages, it was not because of Paulson or anyone else making money. It was because of their own greed and desire. People acted like children giving in to the impulse to grab the â€Å"shiny object† i. e. large mortgage, when in fact it was their responsibility to perform due diligence and conclude whether or not such mortgages were financially feasible. Was it unethical for Goldman/Paulson to benefit by means of others’ demise? Just as in the opening example of the patient who was certain to die, so too were historical numbers of mortgages destined for foreclosure. And while wealth creation is not a zero sum game, equity trading often is; every buyer needs a seller. ACA management and IKB were trying to profit by knowingly taking risks. They lost. For Goldman and John Paulson, it was â€Å"just business. † There were no intentions beyond profit maximizing, nor did they act in any unfair or unethical way. Goldman and Paulson did their best to maximize the long term value for their investors in a business designed around risk. In the end it was Paulson and Company’s countless hours of research and study which led them to the decisions they made. Had anyone else done the same, they likely would have gained similar compensation. This would be in line with Sternberg’s principle of distributive justice. Conclusion There has been recent talk from the likes of Warren Buffet to Barack Obama about the evils of complex financial instruments. They say CDOs and CSOs should be banned or at least controlled with more regulation. This is a much too simple solution to the problem of financial responsibility. If CDOs and CSOs get banned, another instrument with the same potential effect (good or bad), will be right around the corner. Living in a period of record government hand-outs, it is no wonder people think everything either is free or obtainable with minimal effort i. e. mortgages. Financial responsibility must be taught at an early age, whether at home or at school. The path away from any future financial crisis will be seen when people have an understanding of money and make gains through distributive justice.